punish: implies the imposing of a penalty for violation of law, disobedience, or wrongdoing: ~ed for stealing.


chastise: may apply to either the infliction of corporal punishment or to verval censure or denunciation: ~d his son for neglecting his studies.  （inflict使承受苦难伤害等， inflict某人使别人遭受，afflict某物使别人遭受）   (censure正式批评, denounce公开批评，参见2017-04-14 批评criticize-denounce)


castigate: implies a severe, typically public lashing with words: an editorial ~ing the entire city council.   （lash鞭打怒斥: to hit with a whip，如they each received 20 lashes for stealing他们因盗窃每人挨了20鞭）


chasten: suggests any infliction or trial that leaves one humbled or subdued but improved or strengthened: a stunning election defeat that left him ~ed.


discipline: implies a punishing or chastising in order to bring or keep under control: the duty of parents to ~ their children.


correct: implies a punishing aimed at reforming an offender: the function of prison is to ~ the wrongdoer.


punish惩罚: 泛指施加惩罚(imposing of a penalty),由于违法不服过错等，chastise责罚: 体罚或训斥，castigate怒斥: 公开怒斥(severe,public lashing)，chasten惩戒磨练: 任何痛苦磨难，使人既谦卑贬抑(humbled谦虚,subdued压制)又改进加强，discipline管教: 惩罚责罚的目的是使受控，correct改正: 惩罚的目的是改变违反者(reform改革，是剧烈的改变drastic change)。


记忆方法: 1）首字母PCCCDC想成CCDCCP常常懂常常怕<==惩罚的目的


         2）惩罚的意思是由于做错事而惩罚 mean to inflict a penalty on in requital for wrongdoing.   (penalty惩罚是基础词,和punish来自同一词根PEN/PUN表示惩罚，如punitive,impunity豁免,penitentiary监狱)